Abstract: Local journalism is expected to record significant events, people, and ideas tied to the location where the journalism is practiced. Public art commemorates some of these significant events, people, and ideas, some of which encapsulate the style of the city, and all of which can become issues that gain media attention. We investigate a decade (2001–2010) of newspaper reporting and policies related to public art in four cities that are considered cultural destinations in the United States—Philadelphia, New Orleans, San Francisco, and Chicago—to understand how this issue is used to define and describe each of these cities and styles within media discourse. We argue that what is covered and how it is covered shed light on how journalists and those who make decisions about public art seek to develop and maintain the styles of cities.

Abstract: Current, and prospective migration law and policy in Chile does not adequately incorporate the causes, content, and consequences of international migration to and from Chile. We describe and examine migration in-flows, out-flows, and migration-related policies and how those policies drive, and are driven by, notions of development in Chile. We explore contradictions in Chilean nascent migration policy currently under legislative review. We argue that it is imperative that migration, migration policy, and their relationship to development be discussed inclusively and transparently and be explicitly incorporated into the Chilean government’s nascent migration and development legal policies and frameworks.

Abstract: Considering Chile an immigration country is a new thing; in fact its net migration is still negative. The last twenty years, however, have seen a change in the migration flows to the country. This has been result of the democratization process after the end of Pinochet’s dictatorship, a continuous economic progress and a perception of a country in social tranquility when compared with its neighbors. Between 1992 and 2012, immigration has increased from about 114,000 people to 352,000, primarily from Peru, Argentina and other South American and Latin American countries. The democratic governments have had since 1990 an erratic approach to this increase in migration.
While in the discourse the state argues that migrants must be received with respect to migration international treaties signed by the country; in practice the same migration policies and laws developed during the dictatorship are still in use. Consequently, policy implementation has been equally inconsistent; some departments create programs to encourage social integration, while others attempt to restrict immigrant adaptation and have mismanaged judicatory claims. Within this bureaucratic context, this paper examines Chile’s current attempts to construct migration policies and its implementation, and the possible effects that these policies might have in the social, political and economic development of the country.

Abstract: The political exile of elites has been a constant in the political history of the Americas and in particular of the Southern Cone. This changed in the 1960s as a result of the national security dictatorships of the second half of the twentieth century and became a mass movement of population. Thousands of citizens of Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay were sent to exile between 1960 and 1990. The countries of reception were not only the neighboring countries, but also countries in every continent. For many, this exile was a double stage process. They escaped first from their own country and then had to leave their country of asylum. Many were compelled to leave because of their political ideas; others had to leave after the economic adjustment policies left them out of the new economic system. In this paper I analytically describe and compare the Brazilian exile and the Chilean exile. I chose these two countries of the Southern Cone for two main reasons. First, Brazil was the first country of the region to suffer a dictatorship in 1964, and thus the first to have an important number of exiles. Second, and closely related to the previous reason, a large number of these Brazilian exiles went to Chile where they actively participated in the pre-dictatorial governments, international organizations and universities. In a way, the Brazilian exiles ‘taught’ Chileans what was to be an exile.
Although the historiography of these exiles is still limited in both countries, there are plenty of rich life histories and memoirs from well-known politicians and common citizens that serve as source for this research. This paper is divided into three sections. First I will set the context of exile by describing the military governments as examples of bureaucratic-authoritarian regimes. Second I present the Brazilian case through the idea of the discovery of a Latin-American identity. Third I present the changes in the conceptions of socialism and other leftist ideologies in the case of the Chilean exile. I conclude this analysis stating the relevance of the analysis of the unintended effects of exile in the histories of the left in these countries and of the state in general and by proposing the need to redefine the process of exile as a human right abuse as relevant as disappearances and torture in these countries.